Flashbench-results

flashbench-results@lists.linaro.org

2 participants
646 discussions

by Arnd Bergmann

On Friday 05 August 2011, Arnd Bergmann wrote: > This patch adds board support for the DEVIXP, the MICCPT, and the > MIC256, which are three IXP425 based boards produced by OMICRON > electronics, GmbH. > > Signed-off-by: Richard Cochran <richard.cochran(a)omicron.at> Pulled, finally. Thanks for your patience, Arnd

14 years, 5 months

Re: [Flashbench] Transcend SDHC CL6 16GB SD Flash

by Arnd Bergmann

On Wednesday 21 September 2011, David Yip wrote: > Ok, here is the result: Cc'd the mailing list. Thanks for the update, I'm adding this to the wiki now. Arnd > vpcf1 ~ # head /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/{cid,csd,scr,*rev,*id,name,serial} > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== > 744a45534443202000000004c000b700 > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== > 400e00325b59000077957f800a400000 > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== > 0235800000000000 > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== > 0x0 > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== > 0x0 > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== > 744a45534443202000000004c000b700 > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== > 0x000074 > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== > 0x4a45 > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== > SDC > > ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== > 0x000004c0 > > vpcf1 ~ # fdisk -lu /dev/mmcblk0 > > Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 16.1 GB, 16050552832 bytes > 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1951 cylinders, total 31348736 sectors > Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes > Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes > I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes > Disk identifier: 0x000d6d26 > > Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System > /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 31342591 15667200 83 Linux > > > vpcf1 flashbench # ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 > --random --blocksize=512 --erasesize=$[4 * > 1024 * 1024] /dev/mmcblk0 > 4MiB 7.45M/s > 2MiB 6.61M/s > 1MiB 7.59M/s > 512KiB 7.63M/s > 256KiB 7.52M/s > 128KiB 7.43M/s > 64KiB 7.35M/s > 32KiB 5.56M/s > 16KiB 3.68M/s > 8KiB 1.49M/s > 4KiB 750K/s > 2KiB 366K/s > 1KiB 185K/s > 512B 93.3K/s > vpcf1 flashbench # ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 > --random --blocksize=1024 --erasesize=$[4 * > 1024 * 1024] /dev/mmcblk0 > 4MiB 8.36M/s > 2MiB 8.34M/s > 1MiB 8.3M/s > 512KiB 8.27M/s > 256KiB 8.22M/s > 128KiB 8.07M/s > 64KiB 7.89M/s > 32KiB 5.47M/s > 16KiB 3.56M/s > 8KiB 1.46M/s > 4KiB 739K/s > 2KiB 361K/s > 1KiB 176K/s > vpcf1 flashbench # ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 > --random --blocksize=2048 --erasesize=$[4 * > 1024 * 1024] /dev/mmcblk0 > 4MiB 7.07M/s > 2MiB 7.02M/s > 1MiB 6.99M/s > 512KiB 6.95M/s > 256KiB 6.94M/s > 128KiB 6.83M/s > 64KiB 6.67M/s > 32KiB 5.52M/s > 16KiB 3.66M/s > 8KiB 1.48M/s > 4KiB 734K/s > 2KiB 367K/s > vpcf1 flashbench # ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 > --random --blocksize=4096 --erasesize=$[4 * > 1024 * 1024] /dev/mmcblk0 > 4MiB 7.36M/s > 2MiB 6.96M/s > 1MiB 6.99M/s > 512KiB 6.95M/s > 256KiB 6.92M/s > 128KiB 6.82M/s > 64KiB 6.67M/s > 32KiB 5.49M/s > 16KiB 3.66M/s > 8KiB 1.48M/s > 4KiB 733K/s > vpcf1 flashbench # ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 > --random --blocksize=8192 --erasesize=$[4 * > 1024 * 1024] /dev/mmcblk0 > 4MiB 4.05M/s > 2MiB 7.05M/s > 1MiB 6.98M/s > 512KiB 6.96M/s > 256KiB 6.91M/s > 128KiB 6.76M/s > 64KiB 6.59M/s > 32KiB 5.42M/s > 16KiB 2.63M/s > 8KiB 1.46M/s > > > Hope they are what you need : ) It's enough, yes. The blocksize argument actually doesn't really affect anything, except how many tests are run -- with blocksize=8192 it just stops earlier than with blocksize=1024. What I normally need is the result of one run with --nr-open-au just after the threshold, i.e 6 in this case. Since you already had those before, it's fine. > > On Wed, Sep 21, 2011 at 2:45 AM, Arnd Bergmann <arnd.bergmann(a)linaro.org>wrote: > > > On Tuesday 20 September 2011, David Yip wrote: > > > Hi Arnd, > > > > > > I did few tests of Transcend SDHC CL6 16GB SD Flash. > > > > > http://www.picstop.co.uk/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/5e06319eda06f0… > > > > > > The erase size block is 4MB, I *believe*. > > > > Hi David, > > > > Yes, this card is pretty much standard, 4MB erase blocks, 5 open > > simultaneously. > > I've added it to the wiki, but it would be nice if you could provide the > > remaining data, similar to the commands I posted in > > http://lists.linaro.org/pipermail/flashbench-results/2011-March/000039.html > > > > For a simple card like this, doing a "flashbench -a --blocksize=1024" > > test should show the erase block size very clearly, so you don't need > > to do all the tests. I would also strongly recommend not scripting > > around flashbench but doing it one run at a time, which is much > > faster (you can kill it as soon as you see that it's clearly within > > the pathological path of the --open-au test) and does not wear out > > the card that much. For the number of open erase blocks, the only > > thing that matters really is the highest number that is fast, followed > > by one after that which is slow. > > > > What I want to add to the wiki along with this is > > > > - complete identification (from /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/* on SD/mmc > > or hdparm -I on CF/ATA) > > - exact size (from /proc/partitions or fdisk -lu) > > - page size (do one fast test run with --blocksize=512 to try all > > block size) > > > > I'd definitely like to see more results, especially if you have other > > SSDs or USB drives. It would also be nice to post the results inline > > in the mail instead of an attachment and to take > > flashbench-results(a)lists.linaro.org on Cc: so they end up in the > > online archive. > > > > Thanks, > > > > Arnd > > >

14 years, 5 months

Supertalent USB3.0 Express DUO 8GB

by arnd＠arndb.de

arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ grep sdd /proc/partitions 8 48 7684096 sdd arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ factor 7684096 7684096: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 67 arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo dosfsck /dev/sdd dosfsck 3.0.9, 31 Jan 2010, FAT32, LFN /dev/sdd: 0 files, 1/1917275 clusters arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/sdd --blocksize=1024 align 1073741824 pre 680µs on 995µs post 746µs diff 282µs align 536870912 pre 724µs on 992µs post 794µs diff 233µs align 268435456 pre 743µs on 993µs post 792µs diff 225µs align 134217728 pre 737µs on 996µs post 791µs diff 232µs align 67108864 pre 736µs on 991µs post 802µs diff 222µs align 33554432 pre 733µs on 993µs post 762µs diff 245µs align 16777216 pre 736µs on 991µs post 795µs diff 225µs align 8388608 pre 731µs on 994µs post 777µs diff 240µs align 4194304 pre 735µs on 780µs post 789µs diff 18µs align 2097152 pre 739µs on 763µs post 763µs diff 12.6µs align 1048576 pre 744µs on 747µs post 763µs diff -6809ns align 524288 pre 740µs on 762µs post 781µs diff 1.25µs align 262144 pre 737µs on 780µs post 762µs diff 30.6µs align 131072 pre 735µs on 776µs post 789µs diff 14.4µs align 65536 pre 740µs on 780µs post 808µs diff 6.1µs align 32768 pre 736µs on 804µs post 805µs diff 33.1µs align 16384 pre 740µs on 825µs post 823µs diff 43.5µs align 8192 pre 735µs on 950µs post 792µs diff 187µs align 4096 pre 793µs on 864µs post 742µs diff 96.2µs align 2048 pre 792µs on 761µs post 761µs diff -15180n arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/sdd --blocksize=3072 align 805306368 pre 667µs on 1.01ms post 773µs diff 294µs align 402653184 pre 773µs on 1.02ms post 774µs diff 249µs align 201326592 pre 773µs on 1.02ms post 772µs diff 249µs align 100663296 pre 774µs on 1.02ms post 773µs diff 247µs align 50331648 pre 775µs on 1.03ms post 776µs diff 251µs align 25165824 pre 776µs on 1.02ms post 772µs diff 250µs align 12582912 pre 771µs on 774µs post 773µs diff 2.36µs align 6291456 pre 773µs on 768µs post 775µs diff -5971ns align 3145728 pre 775µs on 772µs post 771µs diff -1302ns align 1572864 pre 769µs on 772µs post 772µs diff 1.65µs align 786432 pre 771µs on 777µs post 770µs diff 6.66µs align 393216 pre 772µs on 776µs post 775µs diff 2.65µs align 196608 pre 768µs on 774µs post 773µs diff 3.11µs align 98304 pre 767µs on 768µs post 773µs diff -1781ns align 49152 pre 774µs on 775µs post 764µs diff 6.2µs align 24576 pre 776µs on 916µs post 775µs diff 141µs align 12288 pre 774µs on 793µs post 767µs diff 22.6µs align 6144 pre 794µs on 773µs post 911µs diff -78786n arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ ^C arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=8388608 /dev/sdd -- blocksize=512 --open-au-nr=1 8MiB 21.9M/s 4MiB 21.1M/s 2MiB 21.3M/s 1MiB 21.4M/s 512KiB 21.3M/s 256KiB 21.2M/s 128KiB 21.1M/s 64KiB 21.3M/s 32KiB 21.4M/s 16KiB 20.9M/s 8KiB 15.8M/s 4KiB 10.3M/s 2KiB 5.46M/s 1KiB 2.72M/s 512B 1.36M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=8388608 /dev/sdd -- blocksize=512 --open-au-nr=1 --random 8MiB 21.9M/s 4MiB 21.3M/s 2MiB 12.2M/s 1MiB 7.39M/s 512KiB 5.99M/s 256KiB 5.26M/s 128KiB 4.99M/s 64KiB 4.75M/s 32KiB 4.44M/s 16KiB 3.42M/s 8KiB 1.5M/s 4KiB 1.04M/s 2KiB 438K/s 1KiB 225K/s 512B 115K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=8388608 /dev/sdd -- blocksize=4096 --open-au-nr=4 8MiB 21.5M/s 4MiB 21.4M/s 2MiB 21.3M/s 1MiB 21.2M/s 512KiB 21M/s 256KiB 20.5M/s 128KiB 19.5M/s 64KiB 17.8M/s 32KiB 15.3M/s 16KiB 9.7M/s 8KiB 1.09M/s 4KiB 493K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=8388608 /dev/sdd -- blocksize=16384 --open-au-nr=5 8MiB 21.6M/s 4MiB 16.5M/s 2MiB 14.7M/s 1MiB 13.9M/s 512KiB 13.1M/s 256KiB 12.2M/s 128KiB 11.5M/s 64KiB 10.8M/s 32KiB 9.74M/s 16KiB 6.62M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=8388608 /dev/sdd -- blocksize=16384 --open-au-nr=6 8MiB 21.5M/s 4MiB 14.3M/s 2MiB 12.2M/s 1MiB 11.3M/s 512KiB 10.7M/s 256KiB 9.93M/s 128KiB 9.42M/s 64KiB 8.91M/s 32KiB 8M/s 16KiB 4.94M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=8388608 /dev/sdd -- blocksize=16384 --open-au-nr=8 8MiB 21.5M/s 4MiB 12.3M/s 2MiB 10.1M/s 1MiB 9.16M/s 512KiB 8.57M/s 256KiB 6.23M/s 128KiB 7.62M/s 64KiB 7.24M/s 32KiB 5.34M/s 16KiB 2.79M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=8388608 /dev/sdd -- blocksize=16384 --open-au-nr=16 8MiB 21.3M/s 4MiB 10.1M/s 2MiB 5.4M/s 1MiB 3.7M/s 512KiB 3.05M/s 256KiB 3.15M/s 128KiB 3.04M/s 64KiB 1.95M/s 32KiB 1.64M/s 16KiB 972K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=20 [sudo] password for arnd: 8MiB 21.6M/s 4MiB 10.6M/s 2MiB 4.22M/s 1MiB 3.38M/s 512KiB 3.15M/s 256KiB 2.6M/s 128KiB 2.93M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] /dev/sdd --offset[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=32 8MiB 21.4M/s 4MiB 6.49M/s 2MiB 3.33M/s 1MiB 2.78M/s 512KiB 2.25M/s 256KiB 2.09M/s 128KiB 2.23M/s 64KiB 1.2M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[512*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=32 [sudo] password for arnd: 512KiB 469K/s 256KiB 318K/s 128KiB 124K/s 64KiB 69.2K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[512*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=17 512KiB 444K/s 256KiB 410K/s 128KiB 403K/s 64KiB 400K/s 32KiB 397K/s 16KiB 389K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=8388608 /dev/sdd -- blocksize=16384 --open-au-nr=16 --random 8MiB 21.6M/s 4MiB 10.2M/s 2MiB 3.68M/s 1MiB 2.82M/s 512KiB 1.55M/s 256KiB 1.81M/s 128KiB 2.43M/s 64KiB 1.12M/s 32KiB 685K/s 16KiB 334K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=17 [sudo] password for arnd: 8MiB 21.7M/s 4MiB 9.06M/s 2MiB 3.6M/s 1MiB 2.57M/s 512KiB 1.28M/s 256KiB 1.77M/s 128KiB 2.05M/s 64KiB 1.11M/s 32KiB 693K/s 16KiB 364K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[8*1024*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=18 [sudo] password for arnd: 8MiB 18.6M/s 4MiB 8.99M/s 2MiB 3.4M/s 1MiB 2.13M/s 512KiB 1.93M/s 256KiB 2.33M/s 128KiB 1.24M/s 64KiB 1.07M/s 32KiB 681K/s 16KiB 335K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[512*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=18 [sudo] password for arnd: 512KiB 442K/s 256KiB 407K/s 128KiB 127K/s 64KiB 82.5K/s 32KiB 43.3K/s 16KiB 22.6K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[512*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=17 [sudo] password for arnd: 512KiB 418K/s 256KiB 407K/s 128KiB 400K/s 64KiB 397K/s 32KiB 394K/s 16KiB 386K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=17 1MiB 915K/s 512KiB 877K/s 256KiB 853K/s 128KiB 837K/s 64KiB 828K/s 32KiB 816K/s 16KiB 313K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[24 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=18 1MiB 865K/s 512KiB 872K/s 256KiB 370K/s 128KiB 704K/s 64KiB 96.5K/s 32KiB 724K/s 16KiB 23K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[25 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=18 [sudo] password for arnd: 1MiB 21.2M/s 512KiB 622K/s 256KiB 386K/s 128KiB 182K/s 64KiB 88.5K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[25 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=16 [sudo] password for arnd: 1MiB 21.3M/s 512KiB 20.2M/s 256KiB 18.9M/s 128KiB 18M/s 64KiB 16.4M/s 32KiB 480K/s 16KiB 351K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024*1024] /dev/sdd --offset=$[25 * 1024* 1024] --open-au-nr=17 1MiB 21.1M/s 512KiB 825K/s 256KiB 338K/s 128KiB 198K/s 64KiB 97.2K/s 32KiB 45.3K/s

14 years, 5 months

Kingston SD6 4GB SDHC (2010), "PH" controller

by Arnd Bergmann

==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 2750485344344742207c107ae600a900 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900001d7f7f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 09/2010 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x2 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x000027 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== SD4GB ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x5048 ("PH") ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235000001000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x7c107ae6 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SD4GB MODALIAS=mmc:block 179 0 3866624 mmcblk0 179 1 3866593 mmcblk0p1 arnd@klappe2:~$ factor 3866624 3866624: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 59 arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[1024] --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 4.9M/s 2MiB 4.13M/s 1MiB 1.76M/s 512KiB 841K/s 256KiB 414K/s 128KiB 206K/s 64KiB 103K/s 32KiB 51.5K/s ^C arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[1024] --open-au-nr=1 4MiB 3.59M/s 2MiB 3.56M/s 1MiB 2.32M/s 512KiB 2.31M/s 256KiB 2.31M/s 128KiB 3.51M/s 64KiB 7.82M/s 32KiB 6.99M/s 16KiB 6.02M/s 8KiB 3.64M/s 4KiB 1.34M/s 2KiB 548K/s 1KiB 8.4K/s (!!!) arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --findfat /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[1024] --open-au-nr=1 --fat-nr=8 4MiB 2.11M/s 2.51M/s 7.66M/s 7.66M/s 7.75M/s 7.65M/s 7.84M/s 7.65M/s 2MiB 2.86M/s 2.53M/s 7.65M/s 7.65M/s 7.83M/s 7.64M/s 7.71M/s 7.7M/s 1MiB 2.59M/s 2.83M/s 7.66M/s 7.69M/s 7.65M/s 7.85M/s 7.9M/s 7.64M/s 512KiB 2.56M/s 2.55M/s 7.67M/s 7.68M/s 7.62M/s 7.75M/s 7.84M/s 7.68M/s 256KiB 2.83M/s 2.58M/s 7.67M/s 7.69M/s 7.87M/s 7.85M/s 7.66M/s 7.71M/s 128KiB 2.56M/s 2.88M/s 7.63M/s 7.65M/s 7.66M/s 7.67M/s 7.81M/s 7.66M/s 64KiB 2.58M/s 2.82M/s 7.67M/s 7.66M/s 7.69M/s 7.82M/s 7.67M/s 7.69M/s 32KiB 2.37M/s 2.31M/s 6.82M/s 6.83M/s 6.97M/s 6.9M/s 6.95M/s 6.86M/s 16KiB 2.03M/s 2.09M/s 5.99M/s 6.02M/s 5.97M/s 6.05M/s 6.01M/s 6.15M/s 8KiB 1.44M/s 1.53M/s 3.68M/s 3.64M/s 3.6M/s 3.62M/s 3.63M/s 3.63M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --findfat /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[1024] --open-au-nr=1 --fat-nr=3 --random 4MiB 2.57M/s 2.82M/s 4.24M/s 2MiB 2.57M/s 2.8M/s 1.96M/s 1MiB 2.57M/s 2.85M/s 1.76M/s 512KiB 2.55M/s 2.56M/s 444K/s 256KiB 2.57M/s 2.82M/s 244K/s 128KiB 2.34M/s 2.81M/s 164K/s 64KiB 2.34M/s 2.53M/s 157K/s 32KiB 2.18M/s 2.51M/s 85.2K/s 16KiB 1.76M/s 1.93M/s 42K/s 8KiB 1.42M/s 1.54M/s 4KiB 858K/s 841K/s 2KiB 440K/s 446K/s 1KiB 231K/s 229K/s

14 years, 6 months

Samsung Class 10 Full HD 8GB

by Arnd Bergmann

==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 1b534d303030303010047a97ac00b600 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900003c1d7f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 06/2011 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x1 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x00001b ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== 00000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x534d ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800000000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0x047a97ac ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=00000 MODALIAS=mmc:block arnd@klappe2:~$ sudo fdisk -lu /dev/mmcblk0 Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 8068 MB, 8068792320 bytes 249 heads, 36 sectors/track, 1758 cylinders, total 15759360 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 15759359 7875584 b W95 FAT32 arnd@klappe2:~$ factor $[8068792320 / 1024] 7879680: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 19 arnd@klappe2:~$ factor $[8068792320 / 1024 / 1024 / 3] 2565: 3 3 3 5 19 align 12582912 pre 818µs on 1.12ms post 1.05ms diff 181µs align 8388608 pre 842µs on 1.12ms post 1.08ms diff 163µs align 6291456 pre 808µs on 1.08ms post 1.06ms diff 147µs align 4194304 pre 809µs on 1.13ms post 1.05ms diff 199µs align 3145728 pre 775µs on 1.07ms post 980µs diff 194µs align 2097152 pre 763µs on 1.06ms post 1.04ms diff 164µs align 1572864 pre 777µs on 1.05ms post 1ms diff 159µs align 1048576 pre 734µs on 1.03ms post 1.04ms diff 142µs align 786432 pre 731µs on 1.05ms post 1.04ms diff 162µs arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo hexdump -C /dev/mmcblk0 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 82 |................| 000001c0 03 00 0b f8 e4 d4 00 20 00 00 00 58 f0 00 00 00 |....... ...X....| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400000 eb 00 90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 02 40 fc 10 |... ..@..| 00400010 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 ff 00 00 20 00 00 |........?.... ..| 00400020 00 58 f0 00 82 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.X..............| 00400030 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00400040 80 00 29 a9 3d 30 fc 4e 4f 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |..).=0.NO NAME | 00400050 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 | FAT32 ......| 00400060 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400200 52 52 61 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |RRaA............| 00400210 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004003e0 00 00 00 00 72 72 41 61 ff ff ff ff 02 00 00 00 |....rrAa........| 004003f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400400 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004005f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400600 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400c00 eb 00 90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 02 40 fc 10 |... ..@..| 00400c10 02 00 00 00 00 f8 00 00 3f 00 ff 00 00 20 00 00 |........?.... ..| 00400c20 00 58 f0 00 82 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.X..............| 00400c30 01 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00400c40 80 00 29 a9 3d 30 fc 4e 4f 20 4e 41 4d 45 20 20 |..).=0.NO NAME | 00400c50 20 20 46 41 54 33 32 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 | FAT32 ......| 00400c60 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400df0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00400e00 52 52 61 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |RRaA............| 00400e10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00400fe0 00 00 00 00 72 72 41 61 ff ff ff ff 02 00 00 00 |....rrAa........| 00400ff0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00401000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 004011f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00401200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 0061f800 f8 ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f 00 00 00 00 |................| 0061f810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 0070fc00 f8 ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f ff ff ff 0f 00 00 00 00 |................| 0070fc10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench /dev/mmcblk0 --open-au --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=512 --open-au-nr=7 4MiB 10.7M/s 2MiB 10.7M/s 1MiB 10.7M/s 512KiB 10.6M/s 256KiB 10.6M/s 128KiB 10.4M/s 64KiB 10.2M/s 32KiB 6.69M/s 16KiB 4.3M/s 8KiB 1.75M/s 4KiB 874K/s 2KiB 432K/s 1KiB 215K/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[1024 * 16] --open-au-nr=8 4MiB 9.45M/s 2MiB 4.85M/s 1MiB 2.12M/s ^C arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[1024 * 16] --open-au-nr=6 4MiB 8.99M/s 2MiB 7.82M/s 1MiB 10.6M/s 512KiB 10.5M/s 256KiB 10.5M/s ^C arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[1024 * 16] --open-au-nr=1 --random 4MiB 9.59M/s 2MiB 4.88M/s 1MiB 9.51M/s 512KiB 4.88M/s 256KiB 9.63M/s 128KiB 4.88M/s 64KiB 9.45M/s 32KiB 3.82M/s 16KiB 4.33M/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=$[1024 * 16] --open-au-nr=7 --random 4MiB 8.89M/s 2MiB 4.64M/s 1MiB 8.77M/s 512KiB 4.64M/s 256KiB 8.64M/s 128KiB 4.59M/s 64KiB 8.37M/s 32KiB 3.72M/s 16KiB 4.03M/s

14 years, 6 months

CnMemory 4GB

by Arnd Bergmann

arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/sdd --blocksize=1024 align 536870912 pre 1.12ms on 1.51ms post 1.46ms diff 219µs align 268435456 pre 1.1ms on 1.52ms post 1.44ms diff 241µs align 134217728 pre 1.19ms on 1.54ms post 1.44ms diff 226µs align 67108864 pre 1.19ms on 1.53ms post 1.44ms diff 216µs align 33554432 pre 1.17ms on 1.52ms post 1.44ms diff 208µs align 16777216 pre 1.17ms on 1.55ms post 1.44ms diff 245µs align 8388608 pre 1.21ms on 1.57ms post 1.48ms diff 228µs align 4194304 pre 1.21ms on 1.53ms post 1.42ms diff 209µs align 2097152 pre 1.22ms on 1.58ms post 1.44ms diff 252µs align 1048576 pre 1.19ms on 1.56ms post 1.44ms diff 248µs align 524288 pre 1.23ms on 1.54ms post 1.44ms diff 208µs align 262144 pre 1.19ms on 1.52ms post 1.46ms diff 189µs align 131072 pre 1.21ms on 1.55ms post 1.45ms diff 221µs align 65536 pre 1.19ms on 1.48ms post 1.44ms diff 164µs align 32768 pre 1.19ms on 1.51ms post 1.44ms diff 192µs align 16384 pre 1.19ms on 1.52ms post 1.46ms diff 199µs align 8192 pre 1.21ms on 1.54ms post 1.46ms diff 205µs align 4096 pre 1.35ms on 1.32ms post 1.3ms diff -6829ns align 2048 pre 1.42ms on 1.42ms post 1.37ms diff 27.7µs arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/sdd --blocksize=3072 align 402653184 pre 1.24ms on 1.71ms post 1.52ms diff 336µs align 201326592 pre 1.32ms on 1.69ms post 1.51ms diff 279µs align 100663296 pre 1.32ms on 1.69ms post 1.52ms diff 278µs align 50331648 pre 1.31ms on 1.69ms post 1.51ms diff 280µs align 25165824 pre 1.32ms on 1.69ms post 1.52ms diff 277µs align 12582912 pre 1.31ms on 1.69ms post 1.51ms diff 283µs align 6291456 pre 1.32ms on 1.73ms post 1.51ms diff 315µs align 3145728 pre 1.34ms on 1.73ms post 1.53ms diff 294µs align 1572864 pre 1.35ms on 1.6ms post 1.51ms diff 172µs align 786432 pre 1.35ms on 1.6ms post 1.51ms diff 169µs align 393216 pre 1.35ms on 1.6ms post 1.51ms diff 171µs align 196608 pre 1.35ms on 1.59ms post 1.51ms diff 155µs align 98304 pre 1.35ms on 1.55ms post 1.52ms diff 120µs align 49152 pre 1.34ms on 1.58ms post 1.52ms diff 159µs align 24576 pre 1.33ms on 1.59ms post 1.53ms diff 155µs align 12288 pre 1.46ms on 1.46ms post 1.34ms diff 62.3µs align 6144 pre 1.39ms on 1.35ms post 1.55ms diff -115362 arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 48 3879936 sdd 8 49 3875840 sdd1 arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ factor 3879936 3879936: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 421 arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ echo $[3879936 / 421 / 3] 3072 arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] -- blocksize=3072 --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdd 3MiB 7.07M/s 1.5MiB 7.06M/s 768KiB 7.04M/s 384KiB 6.82M/s 192KiB 6.92M/s 96KiB 7.07M/s 48KiB 6.39M/s 24KiB 5.13M/s 12KiB 3.61M/s 6KiB 2.49M/s 3KiB 1.61M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] -- blocksize=3072 --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdd --random 3MiB 7.13M/s 1.5MiB 6.81M/s 768KiB 6.7M/s 384KiB 6.52M/s 192KiB 6.17M/s 96KiB 6.59M/s 48KiB 5.64M/s 24KiB 3.75M/s 12KiB 2.16M/s 6KiB 981K/s 3KiB 522K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] -- blocksize=3072 --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdd 3MiB 7.07M/s 1.5MiB 7.06M/s 768KiB 7.04M/s 384KiB 6.82M/s 192KiB 6.92M/s 96KiB 7.07M/s 48KiB 6.39M/s 24KiB 5.13M/s 12KiB 3.61M/s 6KiB 2.49M/s 3KiB 1.61M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] -- blocksize=3072 --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdd --random 3MiB 7.13M/s 1.5MiB 6.81M/s 768KiB 6.7M/s 384KiB 6.52M/s 192KiB 6.17M/s 96KiB 6.59M/s 48KiB 5.64M/s 24KiB 3.75M/s 12KiB 2.16M/s 6KiB 981K/s 3KiB 522K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] -- blocksize=$[4*3072] --open-au-nr=4 /dev/sdd --random 3MiB 6.96M/s 1.5MiB 4.16M/s 768KiB 6.59M/s 384KiB 6.4M/s 192KiB 6.34M/s 96KiB 6.62M/s 48KiB 5.72M/s 24KiB 3.72M/s 12KiB 2.14M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] -- blocksize=$[4*3072] --open-au-nr=8 /dev/sdd --random 3MiB 4.98M/s 1.5MiB 1.92M/s 768KiB 1.05M/s ^Carnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] - locksize=$[4*3072] --open-au-nr=5 /dev/sdd --random 3MiB 5.38M/s 1.5MiB 4.28M/s 768KiB 6.45M/s 384KiB 6.39M/s 192KiB 6.26M/s 96KiB 6.52M/s 48KiB 5.62M/s 24KiB 3.72M/s 12KiB 2.15M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] -- blocksize=$[4*3072] --open-au-nr=6 /dev/sdd --random 3MiB 5.4M/s 1.5MiB 1.96M/s 768KiB 1.05M/s 384KiB 567K/s 192KiB 406K/s 96KiB 465K/s 48KiB 344K/s 24KiB 322K/s 12KiB 168K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] -- blocksize=$[4*3072] --open-au-nr=5 /dev/sdd 3MiB 4.9M/s 1.5MiB 6.76M/s 768KiB 6.61M/s 384KiB 6.34M/s 192KiB 6.47M/s 96KiB 6.6M/s 48KiB 5.93M/s 24KiB 4M/s 12KiB 2.78M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[3072 * 1024] -- blocksize=$[4*3072] --open-au-nr=6 /dev/sdd 3MiB 5.46M/s 1.5MiB 1.81M/s 768KiB 1.05M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024 * 1024] - locksize=$[1024] --open-au-nr=5 /dev/sdd 1MiB 6.75M/s 512KiB 6.54M/s 256KiB 6.44M/s 128KiB 6.03M/s 64KiB 6.21M/s 32KiB 5.27M/s 16KiB 4.02M/s 8KiB 2.39M/s 4KiB 1.24M/s 2KiB 667K/s 1KiB 389K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --erasesize=$[1024 * 1024] -- blocksize=$[16*1024] --open-au-nr=6 /dev/sdd 1MiB 1.5M/s 512KiB 723K/s 256KiB 426K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd bs=3M seek=20 count=50 oflag=direct 50+0 records in 50+0 records out 157286400 bytes (157 MB) copied, 22.6699 s, 6.9 MB/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo dd of=/dev/zero if=/dev/sdd bs=3M seek=20 count=50 iflag=direct 50+0 records in 50+0 records out 157286400 bytes (157 MB) copied, 10.7294 s, 14.7 MB/s

14 years, 6 months

Lexar Professional CF 400x 16GB

by Arnd Bergmann

arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sde /dev/sde: CompactFlash ATA device Model Number: LEXAR ATA FLASH CARD Serial Number: 41163033400000500C93 Firmware Revision: 20100407 Standards: Likely used: 6 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 31012 31012 heads 16 16 sectors/track 63 63 -- CHS current addressable sectors: 31260096 LBA user addressable sectors: 31260096 Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes device size with M = 1024*1024: 15263 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 16005 MBytes (16 GB) cache/buffer size = 1 KBytes (type=DualPort) Capabilities: LBA, IORDY(can be disabled) bytes avail on r/w long: 4 Standby timer values: spec'd by Vendor R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 1 Current = 0 Advanced power management level: disabled DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 *udma5 udma6 Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns Commands/features: Enabled Supported: Power Management feature set Write cache WRITE_BUFFER command READ_BUFFER command NOP cmd CFA feature set Advanced Power Management feature set Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE * Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s) * Host-initiated interface power management * CFA advanced modes: pio5 *pio6 mdma3 mdma4 * CFA Power Level 1 (max 500mA) Integrity word not set (found 0xbb00, expected 0x89a5) arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo hdparm -i /dev/sde /dev/sde: Model=LEXAR ATA FLASH CARD, FwRev=20100407, SerialNo=41163033400000500C93 Config={ HardSect NotMFM Removeable DTR>10Mbs nonMagnetic } RawCHS=31012/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=576, ECCbytes=4 BuffType=DualPort, BuffSize=1kB, MaxMultSect=1, MultSect=off CurCHS=31012/16/63, CurSects=31260096, LBA=yes, LBAsects=31260096 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120} PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 *udma5 udma6 AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=disabled arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo fdisk -lu /dev/sde Disk /dev/sde: 16.0 GB, 16005169152 bytes 256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1938 cylinders, total 31260096 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 * 63 31259087 15629512+ b W95 FAT32 arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/sde --blocksize=1024 --count=32 align 2147483648 pre 248µs on 373µs post 256µs diff 121µs align 1073741824 pre 248µs on 370µs post 252µs diff 120µs align 536870912 pre 247µs on 368µs post 251µs diff 119µs align 268435456 pre 246µs on 368µs post 251µs diff 119µs align 134217728 pre 246µs on 368µs post 251µs diff 120µs align 67108864 pre 244µs on 367µs post 249µs diff 121µs align 33554432 pre 247µs on 370µs post 253µs diff 119µs align 16777216 pre 256µs on 378µs post 253µs diff 124µs align 8388608 pre 263µs on 288µs post 255µs diff 28.8µs align 4194304 pre 263µs on 289µs post 255µs diff 29.3µs align 2097152 pre 260µs on 286µs post 254µs diff 28.4µs align 1048576 pre 262µs on 288µs post 256µs diff 28.8µs align 524288 pre 263µs on 289µs post 257µs diff 28.7µs align 262144 pre 262µs on 287µs post 255µs diff 28.4µs align 131072 pre 260µs on 285µs post 260µs diff 24.7µs align 65536 pre 262µs on 288µs post 260µs diff 26.2µs align 32768 pre 261µs on 287µs post 262µs diff 25.8µs align 16384 pre 262µs on 272µs post 262µs diff 10.2µs align 8192 pre 262µs on 265µs post 263µs diff 2.7µs align 4096 pre 263µs on 266µs post 262µs diff 3.27µs align 2048 pre 262µs on 264µs post 262µs diff 2.37µs ## Guessing 16 MB erase block size --> huge! arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1024 --open- au-nr=1 16MiB 55.9M/s 8MiB 56M/s 4MiB 56.1M/s 2MiB 56M/s 1MiB 55.7M/s 512KiB 55.9M/s 256KiB 55.6M/s 128KiB 55.8M/s 64KiB 54.4M/s 32KiB 51.9M/s 16KiB 42.6M/s 8KiB 30.6M/s 4KiB 2.97M/s 2KiB 1.5M/s 1KiB 759K/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=4096 -- open-au-nr=1 --random 16MiB 56.7M/s 8MiB 44.9M/s 4MiB 23.6M/s 2MiB 22.8M/s 1MiB 22.8M/s 512KiB 22.8M/s 256KiB 22.8M/s 128KiB 22.7M/s 64KiB 20.8M/s 32KiB 16.2M/s 16KiB 8.73M/s 8KiB 3.97M/s 4KiB 2.01M/s ## random write at half speed down to 64KiB, much slower below --> 64 KB superpages? arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=8192 -- open-au-nr=2 16MiB 56.8M/s 8MiB 56.8M/s 4MiB 56.1M/s 2MiB 55M/s 1MiB 52.9M/s 512KiB 48.9M/s 256KiB 45.3M/s 128KiB 37.9M/s 64KiB 28.7M/s 32KiB 17.4M/s 16KiB 7.67M/s 8KiB 3.78M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=8192 -- open-au-nr=2 --random 16MiB 22.7M/s 8MiB 44.3M/s 4MiB 23.1M/s 2MiB 22.8M/s 1MiB 22.6M/s 512KiB 22.2M/s 256KiB 21.6M/s 128KiB 20.5M/s 64KiB 17.3M/s 32KiB 12.2M/s 16KiB 6.47M/s 8KiB 3.01M/s ## alternating between erase blocks shows noticeable degradation anywhere below 2MB writes. ## enabling/disabling write cache with hdparm -W did not change this. # The weird anomaly for random writes at 8 MB is reproducible. arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1048576 -- open-au-nr=8 16MiB 56.8M/s 8MiB 56.5M/s 4MiB 55.9M/s 2MiB 54.8M/s 1MiB 52.8M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1048576 -- open-au-nr=9 16MiB 57.2M/s 8MiB 50M/s 4MiB 56.3M/s 2MiB 55.1M/s 1MiB 52.9M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1048576 -- open-au-nr=10 16MiB 49.7M/s 8MiB 56.8M/s 4MiB 56.3M/s 2MiB 55.1M/s 1MiB 52.8M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1048576 -- open-au-nr=11 16MiB 57.1M/s 8MiB 51.2M/s 4MiB 56.4M/s 2MiB 55.1M/s 1MiB 53.1M/s ## Same performance up to 11 erase blocks arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=1048576 -- open-au-nr=12 16MiB 56.8M/s 8MiB 28.4M/s 4MiB 9.88M/s 2MiB 5.26M/s 1MiB 2.76M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=2048 -- open-au-nr=12 16MiB 57.3M/s 8MiB 31.1M/s 4MiB 9.93M/s 2MiB 5.29M/s ## At 12 Erase blocks massive degradation arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=2048 -- open-au-nr=11 16MiB 57M/s 8MiB 56.7M/s 4MiB 56.2M/s 2MiB 55.2M/s 1MiB 53M/s 512KiB 49.1M/s 256KiB 45.1M/s 128KiB 37.8M/s 64KiB 28.5M/s 32KiB 17.3M/s 16KiB 7.61M/s 8KiB 3.76M/s 4KiB 1.99M/s 2KiB 985K/s ## 11 * 16 MB is the fastest we get. arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=8388608 --blocksize=8192 --open- au-nr=11 8MiB 58.3M/s 4MiB 44.5M/s 2MiB 45M/s 1MiB 15.3M/s 512KiB 50.2M/s 256KiB 39.9M/s 128KiB 36.7M/s 64KiB 12.6M/s 32KiB 17.6M/s 16KiB 5.6M/s 8KiB 3.2M/s ## trying with 8 MB erase size shows significantly worse results due to more garbage ## collection overhead arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=1677721--blocksize=8192 --open- au-nr=11 --random 16MiB 41M/s 8MiB 26.5M/s 4MiB 23.3M/s 2MiB 22.7M/s 1MiB 22.6M/s 512KiB 22.3M/s 256KiB 21.6M/s 128KiB 20.4M/s 64KiB 17.1M/s 32KiB 12.1M/s 16KiB 6.43M/s 8KiB 3M/s arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=8192 -- open-au-nr=11 --random 16MiB 22.7M/s 8MiB 40.8M/s 4MiB 23.1M/s 2MiB 22.7M/s 1MiB 22.5M/s 512KiB 22.2M/s 256KiB 21.5M/s 128KiB 20.4M/s 64KiB 17.1M/s 32KiB 12.1M/s 16KiB 6.42M/s 8KiB 3M/s ## Random write also fine up to 11 erase blocks arnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/sde --erasesize=16777216 --blocksize=8192 -- open-au-nr=12 --random 16MiB 24.1M/s 8MiB 18.4M/s 4MiB 10.4M/s 2MiB 5.35M/s 1MiB 2.78M/s 512KiB 1.42M/s 256KiB 723K/s 128KiB 364K/s 64KiB 182K/s 32KiB 91.3K/s ## cannot do 12 erase blocks ^Carnd@wuerfel:~/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --findfat /dev/sde --erasesize=1677721--blocksize=512 --fat- nr=4 --random 16MiB 23M/s 23M/s 57.7M/s 23M/s 8MiB 45.2M/s 45.3M/s 45.3M/s 22.9M/s 4MiB 23M/s 23.7M/s 23.5M/s 22.9M/s 2MiB 22.8M/s 22.8M/s 22.9M/s 22.9M/s 1MiB 22.9M/s 23M/s 22.9M/s 22.8M/s 512KiB 22.9M/s 22.8M/s 22.9M/s 23M/s 256KiB 22.9M/s 23M/s 22.8M/s 22.8M/s 128KiB 22.8M/s 22.8M/s 22.8M/s 22.8M/s 64KiB 20.8M/s 20.8M/s 20.9M/s 20.8M/s 32KiB 16.2M/s 16.3M/s 16.2M/s 16.3M/s ## no fat area

14 years, 7 months

integral ultima pro class 10 4 GB

by Arnd Bergmann

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3976 MB, 3976200192 bytes 4 heads, 16 sectors/track, 121344 cylinders, total 7766016 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/block': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/cid <== 275048534430344730b00dd71400a900 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/csd <== 400e00325b5900001d9f7f800a400000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/date <== 09/2010 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/driver': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/erase_size <== 512 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/fwrev <== 0x0 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/hwrev <== 0x3 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/manfid <== 0x000027 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/name <== SD04G ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/oemid <== 0x5048 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/power': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/preferred_erase_size <== 4194304 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/scr <== 0235800001000000 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/serial <== 0xb00dd714 ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem <== head: error reading `/sys/block/mmcblk0/device/subsystem': Is a directory ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/type <== SD ==> /sys/block/mmcblk0/device/uevent <== DRIVER=mmcblk MMC_TYPE=SD MMC_NAME=SD04G MODALIAS=mmc:block $ sudo ./flashbench -a /dev/mmcblk0 -b 1024 --count=30 align 402653184 pre 1.95ms on 2.87ms post 1.56ms diff 1.12ms align 268435456 pre 2.2ms on 3.04ms post 1.6ms diff 1.14ms align 201326592 pre 2.51ms on 2.99ms post 1.59ms diff 940µs align 134217728 pre 2.38ms on 2.94ms post 1.59ms diff 950µs align 100663296 pre 2.24ms on 3.01ms post 1.6ms diff 1.09ms align 67108864 pre 2.47ms on 2.87ms post 1.51ms diff 880µs align 50331648 pre 2.45ms on 2.97ms post 1.57ms diff 960µs align 33554432 pre 2.6ms on 2.96ms post 1.57ms diff 876µs align 25165824 pre 2.57ms on 2.94ms post 1.58ms diff 872µs align 16777216 pre 2.28ms on 2.99ms post 1.59ms diff 1.05ms align 12582912 pre 2.22ms on 2.92ms post 1.6ms diff 1.01ms align 8388608 pre 2.54ms on 2.93ms post 1.55ms diff 880µs align 6291456 pre 1.7ms on 1.86ms post 1.57ms diff 226µs align 4194304 pre 2.35ms on 2.82ms post 1.56ms diff 868µs align 3145728 pre 1.51ms on 1.67ms post 1.5ms diff 172µs align 2097152 pre 1.56ms on 1.72ms post 1.49ms diff 190µs align 1572864 pre 1.5ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 176µs align 1048576 pre 1.5ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 173µs align 786432 pre 1.5ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 173µs align 524288 pre 1.5ms on 1.67ms post 1.5ms diff 172µs align 393216 pre 1.5ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 169µs align 262144 pre 1.5ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 169µs align 196608 pre 1.5ms on 1.67ms post 1.5ms diff 174µs align 131072 pre 1.51ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 171µs align 98304 pre 1.51ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 176µs align 65536 pre 1.49ms on 1.67ms post 1.5ms diff 175µs align 49152 pre 1.5ms on 1.66ms post 1.49ms diff 169µs align 32768 pre 1.49ms on 1.66ms post 1.48ms diff 174µs align 24576 pre 1.5ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 173µs align 16384 pre 1.5ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 173µs align 12288 pre 1.49ms on 1.54ms post 1.49ms diff 45.8µs align 8192 pre 1.49ms on 1.67ms post 1.49ms diff 175µs align 6144 pre 1.49ms on 1.57ms post 1.52ms diff 65.2µs align 4096 pre 1.49ms on 1.53ms post 1.49ms diff 44.8µs align 3072 pre 1.49ms on 1.53ms post 1.49ms diff 42.1µs align 2048 pre 1.49ms on 1.53ms post 1.49ms diff 43.7µs == > 4 MB erase block, 8 KB page ? $ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=512 4MiB 6M/s 2MiB 3.71M/s 1MiB 3.72M/s 512KiB 3.73M/s 256KiB 3.77M/s 128KiB 5.7M/s 64KiB 11.7M/s 32KiB 8.8M/s 16KiB 6.57M/s 8KiB 4.01M/s 4KiB 1.33M/s 2KiB 563K/s 1KiB 10.2K/s 512B 8.54K/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=2048 --open-au-nr=2 4MiB 8.35M/s 2MiB 6.47M/s 1MiB 2.89M/s 512KiB 1.4M/s 256KiB 697K/s 128KiB 348K/s 64KiB 174K/s arnd@klappe2:~/git/flashbench$ sudo ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=2048 --random 4MiB 5.74M/s 2MiB 2.5M/s 1MiB 1.45M/s 512KiB 802K/s 256KiB 560K/s 128KiB 279K/s $ sudo ./flashbench --findfat --fat-nr=5 /dev/mmcblk0 --blocksize=2048 --random 4MiB 2.4M/s 2.78M/s 6.02M/s 11.7M/s 11.8M/s 2MiB 2.52M/s 2.77M/s 4.56M/s 3.76M/s 3.76M/s 1MiB 2.73M/s 2.51M/s 1.65M/s 1.59M/s 1.59M/s 512KiB 2.58M/s 2.77M/s 862K/s 855K/s 855K/s 256KiB 2.4M/s 2.73M/s 556K/s 528K/s 555K/s 128KiB 2.4M/s 2.74M/s 271K/s 271K/s 271K/s 64KiB 2.08M/s 2.5M/s 258K/s 258K/s 258K/s 32KiB 1.88M/s 2.31M/s 142K/s 142K/s 142K/s

14 years, 7 months

Fwd: Kingston 8GB Datatraveler DT101 G2

by Ajax Criterion

Oops--forgot to 'reply all' to the list! ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Ajax Criterion <ajax.criterion(a)gmail.com> Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2011 07:28:53 -0700 Subject: Re: [Flashbench] Kingston 8GB Datatraveler DT101 G2 To: Arnd Bergmann <arnd(a)arndb.de> On Thu, Jul 28, 2011 at 6:30 AM, Arnd Bergmann <arnd(a)arndb.de> wrote: > On Thursday 28 July 2011, Ajax Criterion wrote: > >> --> aligned to 4MB blocks. FAT 32 in the front, EXT4 in the back >> again (I'll likely destroy this again with the --findfat test, but >> what the hell... FS in the back will get changed around a lot while I >> benchmark multiple filesystems). > > The --open-au test also destroys the data, you just might be able > to run a little bit longer. There is generally no reason to even > create a partition table in order to run flashbench, just boot from > a different drive than the one you want to test. > >> bash-4.1# flashbench -O --open-au-nr=10 /dev/sdc >> --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=4096 >> 4MiB 11.8M/s >> 2MiB 13.2M/s >> 1MiB 13.6M/s >> 512KiB 13.6M/s >> 256KiB 13.5M/s >> 128KiB 11.2M/s >> 64KiB 15.2M/s >> ^C >> ^C >> bash-4.1# flashbench -O --open-au-nr=13 /dev/sdc >> --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=4096 >> 4MiB 6.54M/s >> 2MiB 5.55M/s >> 1MiB 5.95M/s >> 512KiB 3.15M/s >> 256KiB 2.51M/s >> 128KiB 894K/s >> 64KiB 467K/s >> ^C >> bash-4.1# flashbench -O --open-au-nr=12 /dev/sdc >> --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=4096 >> 4MiB 6.07M/s >> 2MiB 5.83M/s >> 1MiB 5.9M/s >> 512KiB 5.95M/s >> 256KiB 5.45M/s >> 128KiB 4.91M/s >> 64KiB 4.82M/s >> 32KiB 4.44M/s >> 16KiB 2.86M/s >> 8KiB 772K/s >> ^C >> bash-4.1# >> >> ---> There seems to be a clear breakdown after 12 AU's ... > > Yes, that is pretty clear from your numbers. > >> why am I >> bouncing around between 5-6 and 11-13 M/s?? > > I'm not sure, but what I can imagine is happening is that > the drive can switch each erase block between linear optimized > more (13 MB/s) and random access mode (6 MB/s). When you do > something that has a random pattern, including going beyond > 12 erase blocks, it will go into the random mode, in order to > cope at all. After writing linearly a few times, the controller > decides to get back into linear optimized mode. This is > a very smart thing to do for the controller. > Very interesting -- I'm quite pleased with the results for this drive, I'm looking forward to benchmarking it some more, now that I know how to properly align and test it! >> bash-4.1# flashbench -O --open-au-nr=12 /dev/sdc >> --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=4096 --random >> 4MiB 11.2M/s >> 2MiB 8.51M/s >> 1MiB 5.8M/s >> 512KiB 3.6M/s >> 256KiB 5M/s >> 128KiB 3.86M/s >> 64KiB 3.12M/s >> 32KiB 3.23M/s >> 16KiB 1.89M/s >> ^C >> bash-4.1# flashbench -O --open-au-nr=13 /dev/sdc >> --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=4096 --random >> 4MiB 8.89M/s >> 2MiB 7.31M/s >> 1MiB 5.55M/s >> 512KiB 3.7M/s >> 256KiB 4.99M/s >> 128KiB 3.74M/s >> 64KiB 3.11M/s >> 32KiB 3.25M/s >> ^C >> bash-4.1# flashbench -O --open-au-nr=15 /dev/sdc >> --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=4096 --random >> 4MiB 9.85M/s >> 2MiB 7.47M/s >> 1MiB 4.7M/s >> 512KiB 2.54M/s >> 256KiB 995K/s >> ^C >> bash-4.1# flashbench -O --open-au-nr=14 /dev/sdc >> --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] --blocksize=4096 --random >> 4MiB 7.13M/s >> 2MiB 5.82M/s >> 1MiB 4.01M/s >> 512KiB 3.67M/s >> 256KiB 4.94M/s >> 128KiB 3.23M/s >> 64KiB 3.43M/s >> 32KiB 3.37M/s >> 16KiB 1.79M/s >> ^C >> >> --looks to be 14 open AU's for random. > > Yes. > >> bash-4.1# mkdir /mnt/sdc1 >> bash-4.1# mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 >> bash-4.1# umount /dev/sdc1 >> >> ---> mounts fine. > > Just lucky that you didn't overwrite any actual data. flashbench does > not write into the first 16 MB on the --open-au test in order to avoid > the FAT optimized blocks, so if all your important data is there, you > won't notice the damage. > OK, understood. Thanks for clarifying! I thought maybe my drive would copy the underlying data out of the way to another location, but I guess that's not the case :) >> bash-4.1# flashbench --findfat --fat-nr=8 --erasesize=$[4*1024*1024] >> --random --blocksize=512 /dev/sdc >> 4MiB 4.96M/s 13.4M/s 13.3M/s 13.4M/s 13.3M/s 13.4M/s 13.3M/s 13.3M/s >> 2MiB 5.16M/s 9.27M/s 9.28M/s 9.22M/s 9.19M/s 9.39M/s 9.16M/s 9.43M/s >> 1MiB 5.24M/s 5.86M/s 5.86M/s 5.84M/s 5.85M/s 5.9M/s 5.87M/s 5.92M/s >> 512KiB 5.29M/s 3.77M/s 3.77M/s 3.77M/s 3.77M/s 3.77M/s 3.77M/s 3.77M/s >> 256KiB 2.92M/s 5.5M/s 5.49M/s 5.51M/s 5.48M/s 5.49M/s 5.5M/s 5.46M/s >> 128KiB 4.54M/s 4.61M/s 4.61M/s 4.61M/s 4.6M/s 4.62M/s 4.6M/s 4.61M/s >> 64KiB 4.16M/s 3.58M/s 3.6M/s 3.6M/s 3.6M/s 3.59M/s 3.59M/s 3.6M/s >> 32KiB 5.61M/s 4.17M/s 4.17M/s 4.18M/s 4.19M/s 4.19M/s 4.18M/s 4.18M/s >> 16KiB 4.1M/s 2.83M/s 2.83M/s 2.83M/s 2.82M/s 2.82M/s 2.83M/s 2.82M/s >> 8KiB 1.35M/s 1.33M/s 1.33M/s 1.33M/s 1.33M/s 1.33M/s 1.33M/s 1.33M/s >> 4KiB 743K/s 839K/s 837K/s 838K/s 838K/s 838K/s 838K/s 838K/s >> ^C > > I think there is nothing to see here. > >> For some reason, when I run a scatter plot, I get a very long straight >> line...I'm trying to sort that out to get a better read, to verify the >> 4MB eraseblock... > > It's quite possible that that's all you can get out of this drive. > > Arnd > I did run one more series of tests, just to make absolutely sure the eraseblock size is correct. Now that I understand this test, and how it works, I really like it: bash-4.1# for i in 1 2 3 4 6 8 ; do > echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024] > flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 /dev/sdc > echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024], offset $[$i/2 * 1024 * 1024] > flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 --offset=$[$i/2 * 1024 * 1024] /dev/sdc > done Size 1048576 1MiB 10.2M/s Size 1048576, offset 0 1MiB need .param= argument from SEQUENCE from LEN_POW2 Size 2097152 2MiB 8.09M/s Size 2097152, offset 1048576 2MiB 3.9M/s Size 3145728 3MiB 5.94M/s Size 3145728, offset 1048576 3MiB 8.9M/s Size 4194304 4MiB 8.37M/s Size 4194304, offset 2097152 4MiB 7.28M/s Size 6291456 6MiB 7.4M/s Size 6291456, offset 3145728 6MiB 6.25M/s Size 8388608 8MiB 10.4M/s Size 8388608, offset 4194304 8MiB 9.19M/s bash-4.1# for i in 1 2 3 4 6 8 ; do echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 /dev/sdc; echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024], offset $[$i/2 * 1024 * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 --offset=$[$i/2 * 1024 * 1024] /dev/sdc; done Size 1048576 1MiB 7.52M/s Size 1048576, offset 0 1MiB need .param= argument from SEQUENCE from LEN_POW2 Size 2097152 2MiB 7.47M/s Size 2097152, offset 1048576 2MiB 3.9M/s Size 3145728 3MiB 5.24M/s Size 3145728, offset 1048576 3MiB 7.34M/s Size 4194304 4MiB 10.1M/s Size 4194304, offset 2097152 4MiB 6.78M/s Size 6291456 6MiB 7.39M/s Size 6291456, offset 3145728 6MiB 5.86M/s Size 8388608 8MiB 10.8M/s Size 8388608, offset 4194304 8MiB 9.73M/s bash-4.1# for i in 1 2 3 4 6 8 ; do echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 /dev/sdc; echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024], offset $[$i/2 * 1024 * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 --offset=$[$i/2 * 1024 * 1024] /dev/sdc; done Size 1048576 1MiB 11M/s Size 1048576, offset 0 1MiB need .param= argument from SEQUENCE from LEN_POW2 Size 2097152 2MiB 7.01M/s Size 2097152, offset 1048576 2MiB 4.04M/s Size 3145728 3MiB 4.97M/s Size 3145728, offset 1048576 3MiB 7.85M/s Size 4194304 4MiB 9.02M/s Size 4194304, offset 2097152 4MiB 7.24M/s Size 6291456 6MiB 8.25M/s Size 6291456, offset 3145728 6MiB 5.96M/s Size 8388608 8MiB 9.35M/s Size 8388608, offset 4194304 8MiB 9.7M/s bash-4.1# for i in 1 2 3 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 ; do echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 /dev/sdc; echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024], offset $[$i * * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 --offset=$[$i/2 * 1024 * 1024] /dev/sdc; done Size 1048576 1MiB 11M/s Size 1048576, offset 0 1MiB need .param= argument from SEQUENCE from LEN_POW2 Size 2097152 2MiB 7.37M/s Size 2097152, offset 1048576 2MiB 4.21M/s Size 3145728 3MiB 4.62M/s Size 3145728, offset 1048576 3MiB 7.98M/s Size 4194304 4MiB 10.2M/s Size 4194304, offset 2097152 4MiB 6.99M/s Size 6291456 6MiB 7.53M/s Size 6291456, offset 3145728 6MiB 6.23M/s Size 8388608 8MiB 9.71M/s Size 8388608, offset 4194304 8MiB 8.82M/s Size 9437184 9MiB 7.44M/s Size 9437184, offset 4194304 9MiB 9.41M/s Size 10485760 10MiB 10.1M/s Size 10485760, offset 5242880 10MiB 10.5M/s Size 11534336 11MiB 9.3M/s Size 11534336, offset 5242880 11MiB 10.9M/s Size 12582912 12MiB 11.5M/s Size 12582912, offset 6291456 12MiB 10.4M/s Size 13631488 13MiB 9.29M/s Size 13631488, offset 6291456 13MiB 10.5M/s bash-4.1# bash-4.1# for i in 1 2 3 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 ; do echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 /dev/sdc; echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024], offset $[$i * 512 * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 --offset=$[$i * 512 * 1024] /dev/sdc; done Size 1048576 1MiB 3.52M/s Size 1048576, offset 524288 1MiB 9.19M/s Size 2097152 2MiB 4.37M/s Size 2097152, offset 1048576 2MiB 4.62M/s Size 3145728 3MiB 5.15M/s Size 3145728, offset 1572864 3MiB 4.29M/s Size 4194304 4MiB 10.7M/s Size 4194304, offset 2097152 4MiB 6.63M/s Size 6291456 6MiB 9.01M/s Size 6291456, offset 3145728 6MiB 6.9M/s Size 8388608 8MiB 9.62M/s Size 8388608, offset 4194304 8MiB 9.23M/s Size 9437184 9MiB 7.64M/s Size 9437184, offset 4718592 9MiB 9.03M/s Size 10485760 10MiB 10.2M/s Size 10485760, offset 5242880 10MiB 10.5M/s Size 11534336 11MiB 9.53M/s Size 11534336, offset 5767168 11MiB 9.57M/s Size 12582912 12MiB 11.7M/s Size 12582912, offset 6291456 12MiB 8.81M/s Size 13631488 13MiB 9.82M/s Size 13631488, offset 6815744 13MiB 10.3M/s bash-4.1# for i in 1 2 3 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 ; do echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 /dev/sdc1; echo Size $[$i * 1024 * 1024], offset $[$i * 512 * 1024]; flashbench --erasesize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=$[$i * 1024 * 1024] --open-au --open-au-nr=10 --offset=$[$i * 512 * 1024] /dev/sdc1; done Size 1048576 1MiB 7.47M/s Size 1048576, offset 524288 1MiB 7.86M/s Size 2097152 2MiB 3.79M/s Size 2097152, offset 1048576 2MiB 4.24M/s Size 3145728 3MiB 6.31M/s Size 3145728, offset 1572864 3MiB 4.05M/s Size 4194304 4MiB 8.7M/s Size 4194304, offset 2097152 4MiB 7.29M/s Size 6291456 6MiB 7.34M/s Size 6291456, offset 3145728 6MiB 5.7M/s Size 8388608 8MiB 9.17M/s Size 8388608, offset 4194304 8MiB 9.68M/s Size 9437184 9MiB 8.09M/s Size 9437184, offset 4718592 9MiB 9.03M/s Size 10485760 10MiB 9.31M/s Size 10485760, offset 5242880 10MiB 10.5M/s Size 11534336 11MiB 9.42M/s Size 11534336, offset 5767168 11MiB 9.36M/s Size 12582912 12MiB 12.3M/s Size 12582912, offset 6291456 12MiB 8.89M/s Size 13631488 13MiB 9.63M/s Size 13631488, offset 6815744 13MiB 10.1M/s bash-4.1# After a few runs, I modified the offset to be $i*512*1024 instead of $i/2*1024*1024, since bash can't handle fractions. I think the results are clear though -- Anything less than 4MB (other than short 1MB writes) is slower; 4MB offset by 2MB is slower than 4MB, and 8MB with a 4MB offset is the same speed as 8MB. Longer writes get faster, but 12MB, another multiple of 4, is the fastest. No doubt that I'm at 4MB What's my page size here -- 16KB or 32? i'm thinking 16, because there are times when 16KB was running at greater than half the speed of 32KB, but I'm not positive on this... I'm going to transfer my OS to the Kingston drive and get some better results for the Lexar drive later today. Thanks again for your time and help! -- Sent from my mobile device

14 years, 7 months

Lexar JumpDrive TwistTurn 4GB USB flashdrive

by Ajax Criterion

Hello! I'm relatively new to linux (been working with it for 7 or 8 months now), primarily using and contributing to the Porteus Linux community. Porteus is a distro that is optimized to run from a cd, USB flash drive, CF, SD, or other portable bootable media. As such, I'm trying to improve my knowledge of how flash devices work and how to best optimize them for use under linux (and, thus, it seems we may have some common goals). Arnd, your article at LWN as well as the information you've posted at linaro and to this mailing list has been a great help to me -- thank you for your time and efforts! I have three flash drives ( an 8GB Kingston DataTraveller DT101 G2, which doesn't seem to match up with the results you've already posted on the flash card survey for an 8GB DataTraveller, a 4GB Lexar JumpDrive TwistTurn, and an old 1GB USB1.1 unnamed drive that I received as a gift). I benched the Kingston and Lexar models yesterday, but somehow flashbench or one of the other commands I ran during the process wiped out the MBR and partition tables on both drives, and I've lost almost all of my data. The only thing I've been able to salvage so far is the results for the Lexar drive. I'll send along results for the others, and if I can figure out what I did to hose my drives I'll report on that as well (if you have any good recommendations for recovering data, I'm all ears! I've tried testdisk, dd_rescue, and scalpel without much luck --this could just be my lack of skill lol. Scalpel was able to get some text scattered around, which is how I got the Lexar results back). Ok, on to the results: ## Note -- this drive is 2-3 years old, give or take. bash-4.1# Bus 002 Device 004: ID 05dc:a764 Lexar Media, Inc. bash-4.1# fdisk -lu /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 4009 MB, 4009754624 bytes 128 heads, 16 sectors/track, 3824 cylinders, total 7831552 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x77ac9c58 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 49152 3637247 1794048 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 3637248 7831551 2097152 83 Linux bash-4.1# ## In an effort to improve performance without really knowing the erasesize of this drive, I started my partitions on 24MB intervals (least common denominator for all of the common allocation unit sizes on the flash card survey) and set my cylinder size to be one MB (I don't know if cylinder size, sectors/track, etc., really matters, since the FS block sizes don't match up to the page sizes anyway, but I thought it was worth a try). However, this didn't really help my performance very much. I should note that partition sdc1 was actually formatted as FAT32, and sdc2 was formatted as EXT4. bash-4.1# hdparm -I /dev/sdc /dev/sdc: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ATA device, with non-removable media Standards: Likely used: 1 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 0 0 heads 0 0 sectors/track 0 0 -- Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes device size with M = 1024*1024: 0 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 0 MBytes cache/buffer size = unknown Capabilities: IORDY not likely Cannot perform double-word IO R/W multiple sector transfer: not supported DMA: not supported PIO: pio0 bash-4.1# cat /proc/partitions 8 32 3915776 sdc 8 33 1794048 sdc1 8 34 2097152 sdc2 bash-4.1# ./flashbench -a /dev/sdc --blocksize=1024 --count=100 align 1073741824 pre 846Âµs on 867Âµs post 849Âµs diff 19.8Âµs align 536870912 pre 817Âµs on 866Âµs post 815Âµs diff 49.2Âµs align 268435456 pre 809Âµs on 855Âµs post 811Âµs diff 45.3Âµs align 134217728 pre 819Âµs on 856Âµs post 794Âµs diff 49.6Âµs align 67108864 pre 814Âµs on 857Âµs post 808Âµs diff 45.6Âµs align 33554432 pre 809Âµs on 857Âµs post 806Âµs diff 49.5Âµs align 16777216 pre 818Âµs on 862Âµs post 813Âµs diff 46.2Âµs align 8388608 pre 808Âµs on 861Âµs post 805Âµs diff 54.7Âµs align 4194304 pre 798Âµs on 857Âµs post 804Âµs diff 56.3Âµs align 2097152 pre 833Âµs on 862Âµs post 814Âµs diff 38.1Âµs align 1048576 pre 829Âµs on 881Âµs post 818Âµs diff 57Âµs align 524288 pre 829Âµs on 884Âµs post 826Âµs diff 56.2Âµs align 262144 pre 849Âµs on 886Âµs post 807Âµs diff 58.1Âµs align 131072 pre 849Âµs on 876Âµs post 832Âµs diff 35.8Âµs align 65536 pre 837Âµs on 884Âµs post 824Âµs diff 53.7Âµs align 32768 pre 824Âµs on 883Âµs post 831Âµs diff 55Âµs align 16384 pre 833Âµs on 881Âµs post 833Âµs diff 48.7Âµs align 8192 pre 832Âµs on 875Âµs post 820Âµs diff 48.6Âµs align 4096 pre 827Âµs on 880Âµs post 831Âµs diff 51.4Âµs align 2048 pre 833Âµs on 821Âµs post 831Âµs diff -11049n bash-4.1# ##I wasn't sure, but I assumed that this means I have a 4MB erase block -- my numbers were even more inconsistent before I added the count=100 option. I also made a number of scatter plots for this drive, with and without offsets to different locations on the drive, and it showed a straight line for 24+MB (whereas my kingston drive showed very clear jumps at 4MB intervals). bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 4MiB 6.62M/s 2MiB 7.08M/s 1MiB 7.05M/s 512KiB 7.05M/s 256KiB 7.09M/s 128KiB 7.1M/s 64KiB 7.1M/s 32KiB 7.03M/s 16KiB 6.92M/s 8KiB 6.64M/s 4KiB 2.79M/s 2KiB 1.29M/s 1KiB 620K/s bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=2 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 4MiB 7.42M/s 2MiB 7.4M/s 1MiB 7.34M/s 512KiB 6.19M/s 256KiB 7.36M/s 128KiB 7.34M/s 64KiB 7.35M/s 32KiB 7.28M/s 16KiB 7.13M/s 8KiB 6.83M/s 4KiB 2.8M/s 2KiB 1.28M/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=3 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 4MiB 6.48M/s 2MiB 5.46M/s 1MiB 7.4M/s 512KiB 7.39M/s 256KiB 7.34M/s 128KiB 7.35M/s 64KiB 7.34M/s 32KiB 7.26M/s 16KiB 7.11M/s 8KiB 6.83M/s 4KiB 2.81M/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=4 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 4MiB 6.8M/s 2MiB 5.8M/s 1MiB 7.32M/s 512KiB 5.83M/s 256KiB 7.36M/s 128KiB 7.33M/s 64KiB 7.34M/s 32KiB 7.26M/s 16KiB 7.12M/s 8KiB 6.8M/s 4KiB 2.8M/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=5 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 4MiB 6.95M/s 2MiB 6.06M/s 1MiB 7.34M/s 512KiB 4.22M/s 256KiB 1.45M/s 128KiB 675K/s ^C --> 4 open linear AU's? bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=4 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random 4MiB 6.86M/s 2MiB 5.81M/s 1MiB 7.33M/s 512KiB 3.39M/s 256KiB 1.39M/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random 4MiB 5.44M/s 2MiB 4.88M/s 1MiB 7.34M/s 512KiB 4.45M/s 256KiB 4.95M/s 128KiB 2.7M/s 64KiB 4.98M/s 32KiB 2.88M/s 16KiB 2.85M/s 8KiB 1.65M/s 4KiB 960K/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=2 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random 4MiB 4.79M/s 2MiB 5.99M/s 1MiB 5.44M/s 512KiB 4.41M/s 256KiB 1.53M/s 128KiB 941K/s 64KiB 540K/s ^C bash-4.1# --> only 1 open random AU? Or, I got the erasesize wrong, and there are two: bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random 2MiB 7.09M/s 1MiB 2.68M/s 512KiB 7.26M/s 256KiB 3.57M/s 128KiB 4.12M/s 64KiB 3.63M/s 32KiB 2.47M/s 16KiB 2.53M/s 8KiB 2.2M/s 4KiB 960K/s 2KiB 436K/s ^C^[[A bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=2 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random 2MiB 5.1M/s 1MiB 7.42M/s 512KiB 4.85M/s 256KiB 4.37M/s 128KiB 2.86M/s 64KiB 6.73M/s 32KiB 2.81M/s 16KiB 2.21M/s 8KiB 1.98M/s 4KiB 866K/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=3 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[2 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random 2MiB 4.32M/s 1MiB 5.91M/s 512KiB 4.11M/s 256KiB 1.39M/s 128KiB 998K/s 64KiB 619K/s ^C bash-4.1# bash-4.1# ./flashbench --findfat --fat-nr=5 --erasesize=$[4 * 1024*1024] --random --blocksize=512 /dev/sdc 4MiB 3.8M/s 3.59M/s 7.41M/s 7.39M/s 7.37M/s 2MiB 3.54M/s 4.34M/s 5.48M/s 7.37M/s 7.4M/s 1MiB 3.54M/s 4.33M/s 5.5M/s 7.39M/s 7.41M/s 512KiB 4.24M/s 3.33M/s 3.36M/s 4.01M/s 4.44M/s 256KiB 4.24M/s 3.06M/s 2.7M/s 2.71M/s 2.71M/s 128KiB 3.78M/s 2.83M/s 2.72M/s 2.72M/s 2.72M/s 64KiB 2.96M/s 2.72M/s 2.4M/s 2.4M/s 2.4M/s 32KiB 3.23M/s 2.81M/s 2.67M/s 2.67M/s 2.67M/s 16KiB 2.57M/s 2.47M/s 2.47M/s 2.47M/s 2.46M/s 8KiB 1.67M/s 1.87M/s 1.87M/s 1.87M/s 1.87M/s 4KiB 1.03M/s 951K/s 882K/s 814K/s 816K/s 2KiB 464K/s 466K/s 436K/s 411K/s 411K/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --findfat --fat-nr=5 --erasesize=$[2 * 1024*1024] --random --blocksize=512 /dev/sdc 2MiB 4.25M/s 7.07M/s 3.07M/s 4.34M/s 7.39M/s 1MiB 7.11M/s 3.05M/s 3.05M/s 4.41M/s 7.38M/s 512KiB 4.27M/s 3.08M/s 3.03M/s 2.72M/s 3.64M/s 256KiB 4.17M/s 3.54M/s 3.54M/s 2.4M/s 2.39M/s 128KiB 2.95M/s 2.99M/s 2.97M/s 2.73M/s 2.74M/s 64KiB 4.12M/s 2.98M/s 2.98M/s 2.29M/s 2.3M/s 32KiB 2.8M/s 2.21M/s 2.21M/s 2.53M/s 2.54M/s 16KiB 2.6M/s 2.06M/s 2.6M/s 2.58M/s 2.58M/s 8KiB 1.54M/s 1.81M/s 1.82M/s 1.81M/s 1.19M/s 4KiB 1.03M/s 940K/s 791K/s 969K/s 829K/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --findfat --fat-nr=5 --erasesize=$[1 * 1024*1024] --random --blocksize=512 /dev/sdc 1MiB 2.97M/s 3.05M/s 3.1M/s 3.08M/s 3.12M/s 512KiB 3.02M/s 7.04M/s 3.02M/s 3.02M/s 3.03M/s 256KiB 6.95M/s 3.02M/s 6.99M/s 6.93M/s 6.93M/s 128KiB 1.87M/s 2.97M/s 2.98M/s 1.87M/s 1.86M/s 64KiB 6.75M/s 6.79M/s 6.81M/s 2.89M/s 6.84M/s 32KiB 1.33M/s 2.81M/s 2.85M/s 2.83M/s 2.84M/s 16KiB 1.73M/s 2.61M/s 2.63M/s 1.72M/s 2.61M/s 8KiB 1.18M/s 2.23M/s 1.55M/s 2.23M/s 2.22M/s 4KiB 1.04M/s 1.04M/s 866K/s 1.04M/s 1.05M/s 2KiB 504K/s 459K/s 458K/s 504K/s 420K/s ^C bash-4.1# --> all very unclear to me. ##with the following, I'm trying some offsets to confirm the eraseblock size. I wasn't able to sort anything very useable out of this. bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random --offset=$[123*512] 4MiB 3.99M/s 2MiB 3.38M/s 1MiB 4.02M/s 512KiB 3.97M/s 256KiB 3.29M/s 128KiB 3.74M/s 64KiB 2.74M/s 32KiB 2.46M/s 16KiB 1.69M/s 8KiB 1.43M/s 4KiB 756K/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random --offset=$[28*1024*1024] 4MiB 5.48M/s 2MiB 7.44M/s 1MiB 7.42M/s 512KiB 3.67M/s 256KiB 4.82M/s 128KiB 2.71M/s 64KiB 5M/s 32KiB 2.89M/s 16KiB 2.86M/s 8KiB 1.66M/s 4KiB 964K/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random --offset=$[29*1024*1024] 4MiB 3.76M/s 2MiB 5.46M/s 1MiB 7.36M/s 512KiB 4.86M/s 256KiB 4.82M/s 128KiB 2.71M/s 64KiB 5M/s 32KiB 2.89M/s 16KiB 2.51M/s 8KiB 1.66M/s 4KiB 963K/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random --offset=$[30*1024*1024] 4MiB 3.49M/s 2MiB 7.27M/s 1MiB 4.08M/s 512KiB 5.55M/s 256KiB 3.84M/s 128KiB 3.11M/s 64KiB 4.03M/s 32KiB 3.35M/s 16KiB 2.87M/s 8KiB 1.63M/s 4KiB 968K/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[4 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random --offset=$[57*512*1024] 4MiB 4.02M/s 2MiB 4.6M/s 1MiB 6.33M/s 512KiB 3.18M/s 256KiB 3.48M/s 128KiB 2.23M/s 64KiB 1.33M/s 32KiB 906K/s ^C bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[1 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random --offset=$[57*512*1024] 1MiB 3.15M/s 512KiB 7.21M/s 256KiB 6.9M/s 128KiB 1.91M/s 64KiB 6.63M/s 32KiB 6.13M/s 16KiB 1.59M/s 8KiB 3.8M/s 4KiB 950K/s 2KiB 419K/s 1KiB 216K/s bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[1 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random --offset=$[61*512*1024] 1MiB 5.3M/s 512KiB 4.38M/s 256KiB 3.04M/s 128KiB 6.81M/s 64KiB 6.64M/s 32KiB 1.6M/s 16KiB 5.12M/s 8KiB 1.38M/s 4KiB 985K/s 2KiB 466K/s 1KiB 221K/s bash-4.1# ./flashbench --open-au --open-au-nr=1 /dev/sdc --erasesize=$[1 * 1024 * 1024] --blocksize=1024 --random --offset=$[123*256*1024] 1MiB 3.04M/s 512KiB 6.96M/s 256KiB 7.07M/s 128KiB 2.98M/s 64KiB 6.71M/s 32KiB 2.21M/s 16KiB 1.74M/s 8KiB 3.83M/s 4KiB 888K/s 2KiB 389K/s 1KiB 218K/s bash-4.1# If you have more tests you would like performed, I can do them, once I am either done recovering data or give up on it. I'm very perplexed by this drive, because it was very clear to see the 4MB units in the kingston drive, both with the flashbench -a test and on the scatter plot. I spent the last couple of weeks benchmarking this drive with a script that I wrote, to try out various filesystems that work best with the Porteus operating system. I ran a substantial amount of tests with it improperly aligned, and got only a slight improvement when I aligned it to start partitions on 24MB blocks, so I guess it's not surprising that the eraseblock boundaries are difficult to find! I am curious to know what kind of improvements you see (or expect to see) when a drive is in versus out of alignment (and I'll be benchmarking my kingston drive to test this out as well). This information will likely be of great interest to our community. If I can sort out and resolve the cause for my drives getting wasted, I'll also recommend the flashbench tool to other users, and collect their results for your flashcard survey. Thanks again! -Ahau

14 years, 7 months

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